3.4.1. Standards and regulations
Building classes according to Musterbauordnung MBO Bund 2009
| Building Class (GK) | Characteristics | |
| GK 1(a) | Detached buildings (single-family homes), ≤ 7 m OKFFB, ≤ 2 units, total area ≤ 400 m² |  |
| GK 1(b) | Detached agricultural or forestry buildings | |
| GK 2 | Buildings (Semi-detached houses), ≤ 7 m OKFFB, ≤ 2 units, total area ≤ 400 m² |  |
| GK 3 | Other buildings (apartment houses, office buildings), ≤ 7 m OKFFB |  |
| GK 4 | Buildings (apartment houses, office buildings), ≤ 13 m OKFFB, floor space ≤ 400 m² each unit |  |
| GK 5 | Buildings (apartment houses, office buildings, underground buildings), ≤ 22 m OKFFB |  |
| Special buildings (Examples) | Skyscrapers > 22 m OKFFB, meeting rooms > 100 people, shops > 800 m², hospitals, schools a.o. |  |
Height in terms of the MBO is the measurement of the floor level of the highest storey above the ground in the Middle where a lounge is possible (OKFFB).
The bases of the functional units within the meaning of MBO are the gross surface areas. In the calculation of gross basic areas, areas in basements remain disregarded.
Document: Building Classes according to Musterbauordnung (pdf)
| Fire prevention codes define building parts that meet the requirements of building codes, fire codes, appraisal certificates or permits. Those criteria are for example
for a specific duration of fire impact. These building parts include
The fire resistance duration is the minimum duration in minutes for which a building part meets the given requirements under controlled testing conditions. | Fire damper |
Fire resistance duration according DIN EN 13501
| Fire resistance duration | Building authority name |
| ≥ 15 | none |
| ≥ 30 | fire-retardant, fh |
| ≥ 45 | none |
| ≥ 60 | highly fire retardant, hfh |
| ≥ 90 | fire resistant, fb |
| ≥ 120 | none |
| ≥ 180 | none |
| ≥ 240 | none |
| ≥ 360 | none, applies to special components |
| Building parts are rated in terms of their fire resistance duration (p.e. 30, 60, 90 minutes). Only building parts can be rated, not the individual building materials. |
Classes Of Fire Resistance according to DIN 4102-2
| Class Of Fire Resistance | Fire resistance duration (minutes) | Building authority name |
| F 30 | ≥ 30 | Fire-retardant |
| F 60 | ≥ 60 | - |
| F 90 | ≥ 90 | Fire resistant |
| F 120 | ≥ 120 | - |
| F 180 | ≥ 180 | Highly fire resistant |
↑ Top
Classes Of Fire Protection according to DIN EN 13501
| Abbreviations | Criterion | Area of application |
| R (Résistance) | Sustainability | Serves the description of the fire resistance |
| E (Étanchéité) | Room containment | |
| I (Isolation) | Thermal insulation under fire exposure | |
| W (Radiation) | Limitation of radiation penetration | |
| M (Mechanical) | Mechanical effect on walls (impact load) | |
| Sm (smokemax. leakage rate) | Limitation of smoke permeability (leak, leakage rate) requirements are met at ambient temperature and at 200 ° C | Smoke doors, with additional requirements, even in fire barriers, ventilation systems including valves |
| C... (Closing) | Self-closing feature, possibly with the number of load cycles; including duration function | Smoke doors, fire doors, including shut-off devices for conveyors |
| P | Continuity of power and / or signal transduction | Electric cable systems |
| K1, K2 | Fire protection capacity | Wall and ceiling coverings, protective membranes |
| L1, l2 | Different insulation criteria (under fire) | Fire barriers, including shut-off devices for conveyors |
| i → o | Direction of classification of fire resistance (in - out) | Non load-bearing exterior walls, installation shafts and ducts, ventilation systems and flaps |
| a ↔ b | Direction of classification of fire resistance (above - below) | Suspended ceilings |
| ve (vertical) | Classified for vertical or horizontal installation | Ventilation ducts and dampers |
↑ Top
Classification of building materials
Buildingmaterials are classified at the national level according to DIN DIN 4102 (Fire behavior of buildingmaterials and components) and at European level according to DIN EN 13501 (classification ofconstruction products and building elements) with regard to their combustionand flammability.
DIN 4102 dividesbuilding materials into non-flammable (A) and combustible building materials(B). The EU classification DIN EN 13501 devides building materials in sevenEuro classes (A1, A2, B, C, D, E, F) and another for smoke (s = smoke): classess1, s2 and s3, flaming droplets / particles (d = droplets): Classes d0, d1 andd2 as well as special classes for floorings (fl = floorings). Newly certifiedbuilding materials are classified according to DIN EN 13501-1.
The classifications according to DIN 4102 and DIN EN 13501 are not directlytransferable to each other. According to the Building Regulations List A (Annex0.2.2), however, the building authority names (non-flammable, fire-retardant,normally flammable and highly flammable),can be assigned to the European andthe national designations. An exception are floor coverings. According to MBO buildingmaterials that are not at least normal flammability (flammable materials), arenot allowed to be used.
Comparison of building authority names of construction materials (exceptflooring) to the European classifications according to DIN EN 13501-1 and thenational classifications according to DIN 4102-1 according to BuildingRegulation List A, Annex 0.2.2:
| DIN 4102 | Building authority | DIN EN 13501 | Additional requirement: no smoke | Additional requirement: No flaming droplets |
| A1 | non-flammable | A1 | X | X |
| A2 | A2, s1, d0 | X | X | |
| B1 | flame retardant | B-s1, d0 oder C-s1, d0 | X | X |
| A2-s2,d0 oder A2-s3,d0 | X | |||
| B-s2, d0 oder B-s3, d0 | ||||
| C-s2, d0 oder C-s3, d0 | ||||
| A2-s1. d1 oder A2-s1, d2 | X | |||
| B-s1, d1 oder B-s1, d2 | ||||
| C-s1, d1 oder C-s1, d2 | ||||
| A2-s3, d2 | ||||
| B-s3, d2 | ||||
| C-s3, d2 | ||||
| B2 | normally flammable | D-s1, d0 oder D-s2, d0 | X | |
| D-s3, d0 oder E | ||||
| D-s1, d1 oder D-s2, d1 | ||||
| D-s3, d1 oder D-s1, d2 | ||||
| D-s2, d2 oder D-s3, d2 | ||||
| E-d2 | ||||
| B3 | highly flammable | F |
| Abbreviations | | |||
| A - non-flammable, no contribution to fire B - flame retardant, very limited contribution to fire C - flame retardant, limited contribution to fire D - normally flammable, acceptable contribution to fire E - normally flammable, acceptable fire behavior F - highly flammable, no performance determined | s - smoke s1: low smoke s2: average smoke s3: high smoke | d - droplets d0: no flaming droplets / particles within 600 seconds d1: no flaming droplets / particles with a longer after-burn than 10 seconds within 600 seconds d2: no performance determined |
Fire sections in buildings (c) BZB Akademie 2014